This is the first in a two-part series on understanding the customer journey. In the first part, we’ll explain what a customer journey is and why it’s important. In the second part, we’ll walk you through mapping the customer journey.
If you want to provide a great customer experience, you have to understand what customers need – and this changes according to where they are in their customer journey. In this article, we’ll examine each stage of the customer journey. We’ll also talk about what you need to provide at each stage of this journey.
What Is the Customer Journey?
It’s a common misconception that customer journeys work like this:
- Customer wants a new TV.
- Customer looks at TVs online.
- Customer finds your online store and looks at TV deals.
- Customer buys TV. End of journey.
In fact, the customer journey encompasses all of the touchpoints or interactions a person has with your brand – before, during, and after making a purchase.
Customer journeys are rarely linear, as depicted below:
These types of linear customer journeys are rarely a reality.
In real life, things are never that simple. The customer journey often looks more like this:
This is a more realistic depiction of a Customer Journey.
Because there are so many touchpoints and so many factors involved, analyzing the customer journey is a must if you want to provide an excellent customer experience. Only once you understand what customers are doing, thinking, feeling, and trying to achieve at various points in the journey can you make that journey rewarding.
Buyer Journey, User Journey, or Customer Journey?
You may hear all three of these terms, and sometimes they are used interchangeably. What’s the difference?
- A buyer’s journey is their entire purchasing process: identifying a need, conducting research, communicating with various companies, evaluating their products and offers, and eventually making their decision. The buyer’s journey includes their interaction with your company, but it also includes their interaction with your competitors.
- The customer’s journey is the part of the buyer’s journey that’s spent with your company. It includes all the contacts they have with your company before, during, and after a purchase.
- The user’s journey refers to how a person uses a product or service. It contains the same basic steps as a customer journey; in some cases, the two are virtually identical. However, a user journey can be applied beyond the customer experience. You’ll often find this term used more in technical and user experience areas than in business and retail.
Stages in the Customer Journey
There are five stages in a customer journey:
The 5 stages in a customer’s journey.
- Awareness: The person becomes aware of a problem or need in their life. At this point, the person is not a customer. They may have heard of your company, but they’re more interested in understanding their problem and finding their options than making a decision or purchase.
- Consideration: The person realizes your business might have the solution they’re looking for. They want more information about your product or service, so they may visit your website repeatedly, follow you on social media, or start seriously browsing your store – in person or online. It’s important to recognize that a substantial amount of time can pass in the Awareness and Consideration phases – especially if a major purchase is involved and potential customers have to save money or arrange financing to complete the purchase.
- Purchase: This person has contacted your business and is ready to buy. They’re looking for the best deal you can give them; this deal can include maximizing their convenience with free home delivery or other perks.
- Post-purchase: After the purchase, the customer will still need support and nurturing. Consulting online FAQs, documentation, and knowledge base articles are all part of this stage. This is also where you’ll handle complaints, conduct follow-up and customer feedback surveys, and create personalized offers for that customer.
- Loyalty: Once you’ve proven that you can meet this customer’s needs, they become an engaged, satisfied, and loyal customer. They’ll probably begin sharing the great experience they had with your company. This turns them into a brand advocate – someone who promotes your brand to their friends, family, and colleagues.
At each stage in the customer journey, you have the opportunity to connect with that person in a meaningful way. You can see each stage as a chance to sell your product and trumpet how great you are. Or you can give people relevant and useful information that actually meets their needs. Every interaction is an opportunity to show that you want to connect with that person as a person – not just another anonymous sale.
Why is personal connection so important?
- 68% of customers expect businesses to empathize with them and understand their needs.
- 80% are more likely to do business with companies that offer a personalized experience.
There is a catch: If you don’t understand what’s going on in each stage of the customer journey, you can’t deliver the experience customers want. This can have carryover effects into other business areas, leading human-centric companies to redefine what a customer is.
So, let’s increase our understanding by taking a deeper dive into each stage of the customer journey.
Awareness: The First Step in the Customer Journey
Photo by LinkedIn Sales Navigator
During the awareness phase, your potential customer is thinking about their need or problem. They are collecting facts and analyzing their options.
At this point, your goal is to capture the person’s attention and begin raising interest in your company. You can also position your company as a trusted source of information. As a business, you need to be aware of your customers’ intentions at all times, but nowhere is this more important than in the Awareness phase. The person (who is not yet a customer) doesn’t have the immediate intention of buying; their intention is gathering information. So you must meet that intention by providing high-quality information that’s easy to understand and easy to find. This means building your online presence.
Even businesses that depend on their brick-and-mortar stores need to invest in an online presence; 63% of all shopping trips start online. The Internet is our collective first choice for gathering information – even if we’ll later complete the purchase in a physical store.
For any brand, creating excellent online content and customer experiences is key to building awareness. The content you produce for this phase should be educational, engaging, and not overly salesy. Potential customers usually find this content through search engine results and social media, which will funnel them to your blog and other free resources (explainer videos, whitepapers, guides, etc.).
To engage with potential customers in the Awareness phase, it’s essential to focus on their problems or needs. Instead of creating a blog post titled “5 Reasons to Buy Our Product”, think “5 Reasons Why You’re Having Problem X” or “5 Trendy Gifts for Occasion Y”.
Consideration: Evaluating the Options
Photo by Andrea Piacquadio
Once customers are confident they understand their need, they’ll start exploring possible solutions. This is the Consideration stage. Customers have moved beyond general information and started evaluating if your service/product will work for them.
Now is the time to emphasize your unique selling points. They may have narrowed their search down to two or three potential purchases. Why should they choose your company? Do you have a lot of specialized experience, an innovative manufacturing process, super-convenient delivery? Find a way to offer something uniquely valuable to that customer.
In this part of the customer experience, you’re building on the trust you’ve already established as a source of information. Your potential customer will probably be getting some details directly from your website; they may also be reaching out to sales reps for personalized attention. Now you can offer solution-oriented content, such as product guides and comparisons, customer testimonials, and so on.
There’s an important caveat here. Once again, you’ll need to recognize the customer intention at this stage of the journey. The Consideration stage is not the Purchase stage; rushing the potential customer at this point can feel pushy. Keep providing them with the information they need to reach a purchasing decision, but don’t turn on the high-pressure sales techniques.
Purchase: The Crucial Moment in the Customer Journey
Photo by Andrea Piacquadio
The person has made their decision and started the purchasing process. They’re looking at pricing pages, signing up for free demos and consultations, and talking over details with sales reps. If the transaction is online, make sure your shopping cart and checkout process is straightforward, intuitive, easy to use, and secure. If the purchase will happen in a store, pay attention to how customers move through the store and how they interact with employees.
At this stage, you’ve officially acquired a new customer! However, the customer journey isn’t done; followup care is an important part of turning new customers into repeat customers.
Post-Purchase: Encouraging Customer Retention
Photo by Yan Krukau
Communication is central to the post-purchase experience. Businesses want to keep their customers informed about upcoming deals and events; they also need to ensure that customers are happy with their purchase.
During this stage, it’s important to use customer data responsibly and offer several contact options (social media, chatbots, phone, email, push notifications, etc.). How can you accommodate customer intent during this stage? Allowing the customer to choose what they want to see and when they see it will make the post-purchase experience feel more personal. It will also build a sense of trust with the brand, as customers are less likely to feel messaging is intrusive when they can customize it to their preferences.
Handling customer complaints also comes under the umbrella of encouraging satisfaction and retention. Offering several channels to address complaints and giving employees the right training can turn a negative customer experience into a positive one.
Loyalty: Promoting Customer Loyalty and Satisfaction
Photo by Tim Douglas
Satisfied customers can’t help but talk about the good experience they’ve had with your brand. If you keep delighting them, they’ll keep coming back – and encouraging others to try your solutions as well.
Congratulations! You’ve acquired a brand advocate – someone who is so thrilled about your customer experience that they’re recommending your company to others. Don’t take brand advocates for granted, and don’t leave them to chance. You can encourage brand advocacy by building it into your loyalty program or offering incentives for social media mentions and in-person recommendations. But the biggest thing you can do to encourage brand loyalty and advocacy is to continue providing a great customer experience.
How do you do that? Once again, it’s all about giving your customers what they need for that stage of their journey. And to understand that, you need to understand their entire journey. We’re back to the customer journey map.
Up Next: Using Customer Journey Maps to Understand the Customer Experience
A customer journey map describes what customers do, think, feel, and want at various points in the customer journey. In the second part of this series, we’ll give you a step-by-step explanation of how to create your own customer journey map.
